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Facts:
 
A collimator is the first processing layer of a gamma camera to encounter photons from radioactive source. It restricts the rays from the source so that each point in the image corresponds to a unique point in the source. Collimators are composed of thousands of precisely aligned holes (channels), which are formed by either casting hot lead (Micro-cast) or folding lead foil (Micro-linear). To learn more about our production technique, please contact us. Nuclides emit gamma ray photons in all directions. The collimator conveys towards the crystal only those photons traveling directly along the long axis of each hole. Photons emitted in other directions are absorbed by the septa (wall) between the holes. Without a collimator in front of the crystal, the image would be indistinct.
 

 
It is critical that the structure of the collimator not impart any distortion, artifact or other error to the procedure. Our Micro-cast and Micro-linear production technique produces a structure of precisely uniform septal wall thickness, tunnel shape, linearity and angulation. In fact, Nuclear Fields is known for delivering the highest standard of collimator quality for many years. We are proud to be associated with the progress in nuclear medicine instrumentation and that our leading edge technology has contributed to this growth. It is our goal to extend boundaries and to deliver the best collimation products available in the world.
Designs
Nuclear Fields has manufactured virtually every type of collimator, from unique research prototypes to standard production models. We were at the forefront in the development of Fanbeam, Conebeam and 511Kev collimators.
 
Design rules
 
There are some design rules that one should take into consideration. For Parallel hole collimators it is important to keep the septal penetration below 2%. Higher septal penetration will increase background noise, which can cause dramatic reduction in image resolution.

As for Fanbeam and Conebeam designs, the most important aspect is the accuracy of the focal point. Only with an accurate focal point you will be able to achieve the maximum gain in sensitivity without losing resolution. Note: foil constructed focusing collimators cannot be made accurately. Nuclear Fields Micro-cast collimators do pass through the geometric focal point or line within tolerances of only a few millimeters.
 

5 Basic collimators
 
There are 5 basic collimator designs to channel photons of different energies, to magnify or minify images, and to select between imaging quality and imaging speed.

1. Parallel hole collimator

All holes are parallel to each other. Most common designs are Low Energy All-Purpose (LEAP), Low Energy High-Resolution (LEHR) and Medium- and High Energy Collimators.

LEAP collimators have holes with a large diameter. The sensitivity is relatively high as where the resolution is moderate (larger diameter holes allow more scattered photons). The average sensitivity of a LEAP is approx. 500,000 cpm for a 1-uCi source, and the resolution is 1.0cm at 10cm from the patent side of the collimator.

LEHR collimators have higher resolution images than the LEAP. They have more holes that are both smaller and deeper. The sensitivity is approx. 185,000 cpm for 1-uCi source, and the resolution is higher with 0.65cm at 10cm from the patient side of the collimator.

Medium Energy Collimators are used for medium energy photons of nuclides such as Krypton81, Gallium67, Indium111. High Energy Collimators are used for Iodine131 and F-18FDG. These collimators have thicker septa than LEAP and LEHR collimators (mainly used with Technetium 99m) in order to reduce septal penetration by the higher energy photons.

 
   
2. Slanthole collimators

A variation of the Parallel hole is the Slanthole collimator, which has all tunnels slanted at a specific angle. It generates an oblique view for better visualization of an organ, which view is (partly) blocked by other parts of the body. As an advantage, this collimator can be positioned close to the body for the maximum gain in resolution.
   
3. Converging and Diverging Collimators

In a Converging collimator the holes are not parallel but focused toward the organ. The focal point is normally located in the center of the field of view (FOV). Some Converging collimators have the focal point off-center near the edge of the FOV, (the so-called Half Converging). The organ appears larger at the face of the crystal with a Converging collimator. When the Converging collimator is flipped over you get a Diverging collimator, generally used to enlarge the FOV, for example used with portable cameras with a small crystal.
   
4. Fanbeam collimators

They are designed for a rectangular camera head to image smaller organs like the brain and heart. When viewed from one direction, the holes are parallel. When viewed from the other direction, the holes converge. This arrangement allows the data from the patient to use the maximum surface of the crystal. When the Fanbeam is flipped over it is called a Single Pass Diverging Collimator used for whole body sweeps.
   

5. Pinhole collimators

These cone-shaped collimators have a single hole with interchangeable inserts that come with a 3, 4 or 6 mm aperture. A pinhole generates magnified images of a small organ like the thyroid or a joint. Most Pinhole collimators are designed for low energy isotopes.

All above collimators can be tuned for any type of isotope. Next to the standard collimator of your gamma camera, Nuclear Fields can tailor make and optimize it for any specific application.

Collimator List
The list below represents the standard parallelhole collimators we manufacture for commercial
gamma camera systems. Please ask us for special collimators for example fanbeams,
conebeams, pinholes, diverging, slantholes, etc. We will help you find the right solution for your
application!
 
VENDOR CAMERA COLLIMATOR TYPE MAX. ENERGY (KeV)
 
ADAC/PHILIPS ARC-3000 Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
ADAC/PHILIPS ARC-3000 Low Energy General Purpose 140
ADAC/PHILIPS ARC-3000 Low Energy High Resolution 140
ADAC/PHILIPS ARC-3000 Medium Energy General Purpose 250
ADAC/PHILIPS ARC-3000 Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
ADAC/PHILIPS DIAGNOST CARDIAC Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
ADAC/PHILIPS DIAGNOST CARDIAC Low Energy General Purpose 140
ADAC/PHILIPS DIAGNOST CARDIAC Low Energy High Resolution 140
ADAC/PHILIPS DIAGNOST CARDIAC Medium Energy General Purpose 250
ADAC/PHILIPS DIAGNOST CARDIAC High Energy General Purpose 364
ADAC/PHILIPS DIAGNOST CARDIAC Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
ADAC/PHILIPS GAMMADIAGNOST Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
ADAC/PHILIPS GAMMADIAGNOST Low Energy General Purpose 140
ADAC/PHILIPS GAMMADIAGNOST Low Energy High Resolution 140
ADAC/PHILIPS GAMMADIAGNOST Medium Energy General Purpose 250
ADAC/PHILIPS GAMMADIAGNOST High Energy General Purpose 364
ADAC/PHILIPS GAMMADIAGNOST Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
ADAC/PHILIPS GAMMADIAGNOST A Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
ADAC/PHILIPS GAMMADIAGNOST A Low Energy General Purpose 140
ADAC/PHILIPS GAMMADIAGNOST A Low Energy High Resolution 140
ADAC/PHILIPS GAMMADIAGNOST A Medium Energy General Purpose 250
ADAC/PHILIPS GAMMADIAGNOST A High Energy General Purpose 364
ADAC/PHILIPS GAMMADIAGNOST A Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
ADAC/PHILIPS D2 SPECTRUM Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
ADAC/PHILIPS D2 SPECTRUM Low Energy General Purpose 140
ADAC/PHILIPS D2 SPECTRUM Low Energy High Resolution 140
ADAC/PHILIPS D2 SPECTRUM Medium Energy General Purpose 250
ADAC/PHILIPS D2 SPECTRUM High Energy General Purpose 364
 
ELSCINT APEX209MA Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
ELSCINT APEX209MA Low Energy General Purpose 140
ELSCINT APEX209MA Low Energy High Resolution 140
 
ELSCINT APEX409/SP-4 Low Energy Ultra High Sensitivity 140
ELSCINT APEX409/SP-4 Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
ELSCINT APEX409/SP-4 Low Energy Medium Sensitivity 140
ELSCINT APEX409/SP-4 Low Energy General Purpose 140
ELSCINT APEX409/SP-4 Low Energy High Resolution 140
ELSCINT APEX409/SP-4 Low Energy Ultra High Resolution 140
ELSCINT APEX409/SP-4 Medium Energy 250
ELSCINT APEX409/SP-4 Medium-High Energy 364
ELSCINT APEX409/SP-4 Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
ELSCINT APEX609/SP-6 Low Energy Ultra High Sensitivity 140
ELSCINT APEX609/SP-6 Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
ELSCINT APEX609/SP-6 Low Energy All Purpose 140
ELSCINT APEX609/SP-6 Low Energy General Purpose 140
ELSCINT APEX609/SP-6 Low Energy High Resolution 140
ELSCINT APEX609/SP-6 Medium Energy General Purpose 250
ELSCINT APEX609/SP-6 High Energy General Purpose 364
ELSCINT APEX609/SP-6 High Energy Pinhole 364
 
ELSCINT HELIX Low Energy Ultra High Sensitivity 140
ELSCINT HELIX Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
ELSCINT HELIX Low Energy General Purpose 140
ELSCINT HELIX Low Energy High Resolution 140
ELSCINT HELIX Low Energy Ultra High Resolution 140
ELSCINT HELIX Medium Energy General Purpose 250
ELSCINT HELIX High Energy General Purpose 364
 
ELSCINT VARICAM Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
ELSCINT VARICAM Low Energy General Purpose 140
ELSCINT VARICAM Low Energy High Resolution 140
ELSCINT VARICAM Medium Energy General Purpose 250
ELSCINT VARICAM High Energy General Purpose 364
 
GE GIGA 500 Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
GE GIGA 500 Low Energy General Purpose 140
GE GIGA 500 Low Energy High Resolution 140
GE GIGA 500 Medium Energy General Purpose 250
GE GIGA 500 High Energy General Purpose 364
 
GE PORTA I/II Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
GE PORTA I/II Low Energy General Purpose 140
GE PORTA I/II Low Energy High Resolution 140
GE PORTA I/II Medium Energy General Purpose 250
 
GE 300 A/M Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
GE 300 A/M Low Energy General Purpose 140
GE 300 A/M Low Energy High Resolution 140
GE 300 A/M Medium Energy General Purpose 250
GE 300 A/M Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
GE MAXXUS Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
GE MAXXUS Low Energy General Purpose 140
GE MAXXUS Low Energy High Resolution 140
GE MAXXUS Low Energy Ultra High Resolution 140
GE MAXXUS Medium Energy General Purpose 250
GE MAXXUS High Energy General Purpose 364
GE MAXXUS Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
GE OPTIMA Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
GE OPTIMA Low Energy General Purpose 140
GE OPTIMA Low Energy High Resolution 140
 
GE 400 ACT/AT/T Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
GE 400 ACT/AT/T Low Energy General Purpose 140
GE 400 ACT/AT/T Low Energy High Resolution 140
GE 400 ACT/AT/T Medium Energy General Purpose 250
GE 400 ACT/AT/T High Energy General Purpose 364
GE 400 ACT/AT/T Low Energy Pinhole 140
GE 400 ACT/AT/T Medium Energy Pinhole 250
GE 400 ACT/AT/T High Energy Pinhole 364
GE 400 ACT/AT/T Diverging 140
 
GE 600XRT-6000XRT-3000XR/T Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
GE 600XRT-6000XRT-3000XR/T Low Energy General Purpose 140
GE 600XRT-6000XRT-3000XR/T Low Energy High Resolution 140
GE 600XRT-6000XRT-3000XR/T Medium Energy General Purpose 250
GE 600XRT-6000XRT-3000XR/T High Energy General Purpose 364
GE 600XRT-6000XRT-3000XR/T Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
GE 3000 XCT - 4000i XCT Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
GE 3000 XCT - 4000i XCT Low Energy General Purpose 140
GE 3000 XCT - 4000i XCT Low Energy High Resolution 140
GE 3000 XCT - 4000i XCT Low Energy Ultra High Resolution 140
GE 3000 XCT - 4000i XCT Medium Energy General Purpose 250
GE 3000 XCT - 4000i XCT High Energy General Purpose 364
GE 3000 XCT - 4000i XCT Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
GE STARGEM Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
GE STARGEM Low Energy General Purpose 140
GE STARGEM Low Energy High Resolution 140
GE STARGEM Medium Energy General Purpose 250
GE STARGEM High Energy General Purpose 364
GE STARGEM Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
HITACHI T22 Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
HITACHI T22 Low Energy General Purpose 140
HITACHI T22 Low Energy High Resolution 140
HITACHI T22 Medium Energy General Purpose 250
HITACHI T22 High Energy General Purpose 364
HITACHI T22 Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
HITACHI RC-150DT Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
HITACHI RC-150DT Low Energy General Purpose 140
HITACHI RC-150DT Low Energy High Resolution 140
HITACHI RC-150DT Medium Energy General Purpose 250
HITACHI RC-150DT Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
HITACHI 1024 RZ Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
HITACHI 1024 RZ Low Energy General Purpose 140
HITACHI 1024 RZ Low Energy High Resolution 140
HITACHI 1024 RZ Medium Energy General Purpose 250
HITACHI 1024 RZ Medium Energy High Resolution 250
HITACHI 1024 RZ High Energy General Purpose 364
HITACHI 1024 RZ Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
HITACHI 150 ST Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
HITACHI 150 ST Low Energy General Purpose 140
HITACHI 150 ST Low Energy High Resolution 140
HITACHI 150 ST Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
HITACHI V250 DSP Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
HITACHI V250 DSP Low Energy General Purpose 140
HITACHI V250 DSP Low Energy High Resolution 140
HITACHI V250 DSP Low Energy Super High Resolution 140
HITACHI V250 DSP Medium Energy General Purpose 250
HITACHI V250 DSP High Energy General Purpose 364
HITACHI V250 DSP Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
MARCONI/PICKER DYNA 4/15 CLAMPSHELL Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
MARCONI/PICKER DYNA 4/15 CLAMPSHELL Low Energy General Purpose 140
MARCONI/PICKER DYNA 4/15 CLAMPSHELL Low Energy High Resolution 140
MARCONI/PICKER DYNA 4/15 CLAMPSHELL Medium Energy General Purpose 250
MARCONI/PICKER DYNA 4/15 CLAMPSHELL High Energy General Purpose 364
MARCONI/PICKER DYNA 4/15 CLAMPSHELL Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
MARCONI/PICKER DYNA 4/15 SX-ROUND Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
MARCONI/PICKER DYNA 4/15 SX-ROUND Low Energy General Purpose 140
MARCONI/PICKER DYNA 4/15 SX-ROUND Low Energy High Resolution 140
MARCONI/PICKER DYNA 4/15 SX-ROUND Medium Energy General Purpose 250
MARCONI/PICKER DYNA 4/15 SX-ROUND High Energy General Purpose 364
MARCONI/PICKER DYNA 4/15 SX-ROUND Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
MARCONI/PICKER SX-200/300 SQUARE Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
MARCONI/PICKER SX-200/300 SQUARE Low Energy General Purpose 140
MARCONI/PICKER SX-200/300 SQUARE Low Energy High Resolution 140
MARCONI/PICKER SX-200/300 SQUARE Medium Energy General Purpose 250
MARCONI/PICKER SX-200/300 SQUARE High Energy General Purpose 364
MARCONI/PICKER SX-200/300 SQUARE Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
MARCONI/PICKER DATAMO SX250 Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
MARCONI/PICKER DATAMO SX250 Low Energy General Purpose 140
MARCONI/PICKER DATAMO SX250 Low Energy High Resolution 140
MARCONI/PICKER DATAMO SX250 Medium Energy General Purpose 250
MARCONI/PICKER DATAMO SX250 Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
MARCONI/PICKER PRISM 1000/3000 Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
MARCONI/PICKER PRISM 1000/3000 Low Energy General Purpose 140
MARCONI/PICKER PRISM 1000/3000 Low Energy High Resolution 140
MARCONI/PICKER PRISM 1000/3000 Medium Energy General Purpose 250
MARCONI/PICKER PRISM 1000/3000 High Energy General Purpose 364
 
SIEMENS ORBITER Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
SIEMENS ORBITER Low Energy General Purpose 140
SIEMENS ORBITER Low Energy High Resolution 140
SIEMENS ORBITER Medium Energy General Purpose 250
SIEMENS ORBITER High Energy General Purpose 364
SIEMENS ORBITER Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
SIEMENS BODYSCAN Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
SIEMENS BODYSCAN Low Energy General Purpose 140
SIEMENS BODYSCAN Low Energy High Resolution 140
SIEMENS BODYSCAN Medium Energy General Purpose 250
SIEMENS BODYSCAN High Energy General Purpose 364
 
SIEMENS DIACAM Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
SIEMENS DIACAM Low Energy General Purpose 140
SIEMENS DIACAM Low Energy High Resolution 140
SIEMENS DIACAM Medium Energy General Purpose 250
SIEMENS DIACAM High Energy General Purpose 364
SIEMENS DIACAM Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
SIEMENS SEARLE LFOV Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
SIEMENS SEARLE LFOV Low Energy General Purpose 140
SIEMENS SEARLE LFOV Low Energy High Resolution 140
SIEMENS SEARLE LFOV Medium Energy General Purpose 250
SIEMENS SEARLE LFOV High Energy General Purpose 364
SIEMENS SEARLE LFOV Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
SIEMENS LEM Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
SIEMENS LEM Low Energy General Purpose 140
SIEMENS LEM Low Energy High Resolution 140
SIEMENS LEM Medium Energy General Purpose 250
SIEMENS LEM High Energy General Purpose 364
SIEMENS LEM Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
SIEMENS MOBICOM Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
SIEMENS MOBICOM Low Energy General Purpose 140
SIEMENS MOBICOM Low Energy High Resolution 140
SIEMENS MOBICOM Medium Energy General Purpose 250
SIEMENS MOBICOM Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
SIEMENS PHOGAMMA4 Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
SIEMENS PHOGAMMA4 Low Energy General Purpose 140
SIEMENS PHOGAMMA4 Low Energy High Resolution 140
SIEMENS PHOGAMMA4 Medium Energy General Purpose 250
SIEMENS PHOGAMMA4 Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
SIEMENS PHOGAMMA5 Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
SIEMENS PHOGAMMA5 Low Energy General Purpose 140
SIEMENS PHOGAMMA5 Low Energy High Resolution 140
SIEMENS PHOGAMMA5 Medium Energy General Purpose 250
SIEMENS PHOGAMMA5 Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
SIEMENS E.CAM Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
SIEMENS E.CAM Low Energy General Purpose 140
SIEMENS E.CAM Low Energy High Resolution 140
SIEMENS E.CAM Medium Energy General Purpose 250
SIEMENS E.CAM High Energy General Purpose 364
         
SMV/SOPHA SOPHY MOBILE 210 Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
SMV/SOPHA SOPHY MOBILE 210 Low Energy General Purpose 140
SMV/SOPHA SOPHY MOBILE 210 Low Energy High Resolution 140
SMV/SOPHA SOPHY MOBILE 210 Medium Energy General Purpose 250
SMV/SOPHA SOPHY MOBILE 210 Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
SMV/SOPHA SOPHY MOBILE 315 Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
SMV/SOPHA SOPHY MOBILE 315 Low Energy General Purpose 140
SMV/SOPHA SOPHY MOBILE 315 Low Energy High Resolution 140
SMV/SOPHA SOPHY MOBILE 315 Medium Energy General Purpose 250
SMV/SOPHA SOPHY MOBILE 315 Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
SMV/SOPHA DS7 - GAMMATOME2/SOP Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
SMV/SOPHA DS7 - GAMMATOME2/SOP Low Energy General Purpose 140
SMV/SOPHA DS7 - GAMMATOME2/SOP Low Energy High Resolution 140
SMV/SOPHA DS7 - GAMMATOME2/SOP Medium Energy General Purpose 250
SMV/SOPHA DS7 - GAMMATOME2/SOP High Energy General Purpose 364
SMV/SOPHA DS7 - GAMMATOME2/SOP Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
SMV SOPHA DSX Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
SMV SOPHA DSX Low Energy General Purpose 140
SMV SOPHA DSX Low Energy High Resolution 140
SMV SOPHA DSX Medium Energy General Purpose 250
SMV SOPHA DSX High Energy General Purpose 364
SMV SOPHA DSX Low Energy Pinhole 140
SMV SOPHA DSX Medium Energy Pinhole 250
SMV SOPHA DSX High Energy Pinhole 364
 
SMV SOPHA DST Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
SMV SOPHA DST Low Energy General Purpose 140
SMV SOPHA DST Low Energy High Resolution 140
SMV SOPHA DST Medium Energy General Purpose 250
SMV SOPHA DST High Energy General Purpose 364
SMV SOPHA DST Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
SMV SOPHA DST-XL Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
SMV SOPHA DST-XL Low Energy General Purpose 140
SMV SOPHA DST-XL Low Energy High Resolution 140
SMV SOPHA DST-XL Medium Energy General Purpose 250
SMV SOPHA DST-XL High Energy General Purpose 364
 
SMV SOPHA DST-XLi Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
SMV SOPHA DST-XLi Low Energy General Purpose 140
SMV SOPHA DST-XLi Low Energy High Resolution 140
SMV SOPHA DST-XLi Medium Energy General Purpose 250
SMV SOPHA DST-XLi High Energy General Purpose 364
SMV SOPHA DST-XLi Low Energy Pinhole 140
   
TOSHIBA GCA 10A Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
TOSHIBA GCA 10A Low Energy General Purpose 140
TOSHIBA GCA 10A Low Energy High Resolution 140
TOSHIBA GCA 10A Medium Energy General Purpose 250
   
TOSHIBA GCA-40A/501S Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
TOSHIBA GCA-40A/501S Low Energy General Purpose 140
TOSHIBA GCA-40A/501S Low Energy High Resolution 140
TOSHIBA GCA-40A/501S Medium Energy General Purpose 250
TOSHIBA GCA-40A/501S High Energy General Purpose 364
TOSHIBA GCA-40A/501S Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
TOSHIBA GCA 601E Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
TOSHIBA GCA 601E Low Energy General Purpose 140
TOSHIBA GCA 601E Low Energy High Resolution 140
TOSHIBA GCA 601E Medium Energy General Purpose 250
TOSHIBA GCA 601E High Energy General Purpose 364
TOSHIBA GCA 601E Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
TOSHIBA GCA 602 A/SA (TP); A/HG Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
TOSHIBA GCA 602 A/SA (TP); A/HG Low Energy General Purpose 140
TOSHIBA GCA 602 A/SA (TP); A/HG Low Energy High Resolution 140
TOSHIBA GCA 602 A/SA (TP); A/HG Medium Energy General Purpose 250
TOSHIBA GCA 602 A/SA (TP); A/HG High Energy General Purpose 364
TOSHIBA GCA 602 A/SA (TP); A/HG Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
TOSHIBA GCA 90B Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
TOSHIBA GCA 90B Low Energy General Purpose 140
TOSHIBA GCA 90B Low Energy High Resolution 140
TOSHIBA GCA 90B Medium Energy General Purpose 250
TOSHIBA GCA 90B High Energy General Purpose 364
TOSHIBA GCA 90B Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
TOSHIBA GCA 901A (TP) Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
TOSHIBA GCA 901A (TP) Low Energy General Purpose 140
TOSHIBA GCA 901A (TP) Low Energy High Resolution 140
TOSHIBA GCA 901A (TP) Medium Energy General Purpose 250
TOSHIBA GCA 901A (TP) High Energy General Purpose 364
TOSHIBA GCA 901A (TP) Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
TOSHIBA GCA 901 A/HG or A/SA Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
TOSHIBA GCA 901 A/HG or A/SA Low Energy General Purpose 140
TOSHIBA GCA 901 A/HG or A/SA Low Energy High Resolution 140
TOSHIBA GCA 901 A/HG or A/SA Low Energy Super High Resolution 140
TOSHIBA GCA 901 A/HG or A/SA Medium Energy General Purpose 250
TOSHIBA GCA 901 A/HG or A/SA High Energy General Purpose 364
TOSHIBA GCA 901 A/HG or A/SA Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
TOSHIBA GCA 7200 Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
TOSHIBA GCA 7200 Low Energy General Purpose 140          
TOSHIBA GCA 7200 Low Energy High Resolution 140
TOSHIBA GCA 7200 Low Energy Super High Resolution 140
TOSHIBA GCA 7200 Medium Energy General Purpose 250
TOSHIBA GCA 7200 Medium Energy High Resolution 250
TOSHIBA GCA 7200 High Energy General Purpose 364
TOSHIBA GCA 7200 Low Energy Pinhole 140
 
TOSHIBA GCA 9300A (TP) Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
TOSHIBA GCA 9300A (TP) Low Energy General Purpose 140
TOSHIBA GCA 9300A (TP) Low Energy High Resolution 140
TOSHIBA GCA 9300A (TP) Medium Energy General Purpose 250
TOSHIBA GCA 9300A (TP) High Energy General Purpose 364
 
TRIONIX BIAD Low Energy High Sensitivity 140      
TRIONIX BIAD Low Energy General Purpose 140      
TRIONIX BIAD Low Energy High Resolution 140      
TRIONIX BIAD Medium Energy General Purpose 250      
TRIONIX BIAD High Energy General Purpose 364
 
TRIONIX TRIAD Low Energy High Sensitivity 140
TRIONIX TRIAD Low Energy General Purpose 140
TRIONIX TRIAD Low Energy High Resolution 140        
TRIONIX TRIAD Medium Energy General Purpose 250        
TRIONIX TRIAD High Energy General Purpose 364
Research Studies:
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